When someone is diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, one of the most common side effects that can come from this illness is called diabetic eye disease. This refers to a group of eye issues that people with diabetes might face as a complication of their disease. All of these conditions can actually lead to severe vision loss or even blindness.
There are several different diseases the doctors are referring to when they talk about diabetic eye disease including diabetic retinopathy which damages the blood vessels in the retina. Cataracts are also another problem as they cloud the eye's lens and can happen at an earlier age for those people with diabetes. Glaucoma is yet another eye disease that causes an increase in the fluid pressure inside the eye. This often results in optic nerve damage and the loss of vision. People with diabetes are nearly twice as likely to end up with glaucoma than other adults.
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Obviously, it's much better to prevent or reverse Type 2 diabetes than try to treat these eye diseases later. However, there are some treatments for each condition that may work. Diabetic retinopathy is not treated during the first three stages of the condition. To prevent the progression of this eye disease, Type 2 diabetics should make sure to control their blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood sugar.
Retinopathy is often treated with laser surgery. This is called scatter laser treatment which helps to shrink the abnormal blood vessels. If someone has already lost some of their site from diabetic retinopathy, they can talk to their eye care professional to see what low vision devices and services may be able to help them make the most out of whatever remaining vision may have left.
Some people have another procedure called a vitrectomy which is required if someone has a lot of blood in the center of their eye. In order to restore sight, this procedure is performed under local or general anesthesia. The doctor makes a tiny incision in the eye and then inserts a small instrument to remove the vitreous gel which is clouded with blood.
Another condition called macular edema is often treated with laser surgery as well. In this procedure, the doctor uses a focal laser and places up to several hundred small burns in the area of the retinal leakage. Again, the best way to prevent eye conditions that result from diabetes is to prevent the diabetes in the first place.
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