Diabetes is a condition where there is a high level of sugar in the blood, due to insufficient production of insulin. It is sometimes referred to as diabetes mellitus which refers to the sugar deposits found in the urine or glycosuria (sweet urine).
Insulin is a hormone that regulates the manufacture of glucose in the blood towards the primarily muscle cells, fat cells, but not the nervous system cells. Therefore, insulin deficiency plays an essential role in all forms and types of diabetes.
There are three major diabetes types. Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes may result if the body fails to exhibit insulin production through the cells of the islet of langerhans in the pancreas and person having this type of diabetes require what they call insulin shot which is the insulin injection. This type of diabetes can affect children and adults. It was termed traditionally as "Juvenile Diabetes" because it represents major cases in children.
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Type 2 is a result of insulin resistance, meaning the cells of the body fail to use insulin appropriately or reduced insulin secretion and sometimes is combined with an unexpected deficiency with insulin compounds.
Gestational diabetes, on the other hand, is found on pregnant women. Pregnant women who never had diabetes or never had a history of the disease in the family before were tested and proved to have high sugar content in the blood during their pregnancy period. This condition may lead to Type 2 DM (Diabetes Mellitus).
Untreated and undiscovered gestational DM can damage the health of both the mother and the fetus. Risks towards the baby include increased birth weight, cardiac and nervous system irregularities, and muscle mutations.There are other forms of diabetes. One is congenital diabetes which is due to genetic defects of insulin secretion.
Another form of DM is steroid diabetes which is primarily due to induced high dose of glucocorticoids and cystic fibrosis related diabetes. Type 1 and Type 2 are termed chronic conditions and usually difficult to be treated. However, Type 2 can be controlled with proper medication. Type 1 DM might be partly inherited and may be caused by infections.
Diabetes mellitus is considered one of the chronic diseases in the world which is difficult to cure. Keeping the blood sugar levels close to normal as possible without taking into the patient's health in danger is complicated process. This can usually be managed with dietary management and exercise, and the use of appropriate medications (insulin shots are limited only in the case of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Oral medications may be prescribed with the second type, together with insulin shots).
All forms of diabetes can be treatable by insulin shots alone. Insulin has been available since 19th century, is known to have treated the disease since then. However, even if Diabetes type needs to be treated by insulin shots, or a disease can be lowered or treated through insulin injection, diabetes remains to be one of the most causes of deaths in the world due to organ infection and complications in other parts of the body. Well, it is actually true that it is easy to treat through healthy diet, lifestyle, and regular medication.
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However, most of the diabetes patients display complications that are basically caused by diabetes. Some organs nearest the pancreas are implicated by the disease, causing them to deteriorate, and eventually cause death to some diabetic patients. As much as possible, experts would advice proper medication and treatment to avoid certain unexpected complications throughout the human system.
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